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Is protractor ESM-only? Can you require() it?

Webdriver E2E test wrapper for Angular.

Last verified Sep 9, 2026 against protractor@7.0.0. JSON

CommonJS CommonJS — require() works on every Node.js version

protractor ships CommonJS only. require("protractor") works everywhere. import "protractor" also works because Node.js and Bun can import CommonJS from ES modules, but only the default export is guaranteed; named imports depend on Node's static analysis of the module.

Latest
7.0.0 (May 13, 2020)
Module format
CommonJS
Last CommonJS version
7.0.0
TypeScript types
Bundled
Node engines
>=10.13.x
Weekly downloads
493K
License
MIT

Deprecated: We have news to share - Protractor is deprecated and will reach end-of-life by Summer 2023. To learn more and find out about other options please refer to this post on the Angular blog. Thank you for using and contributing to Protractor. https://goo.gle/state-of-e2e-in-angular

Does protractor@7.0.0 actually load? Runtime test results

Installed and executed on Sep 9, 2026 with require("protractor") from a CommonJS file and import "protractor" from an ES module.

Runtimerequire("protractor")import "protractor"
Node.js 18✓ works✓ works
Node.js 20✓ works✓ works
Node.js 22✓ works✓ works
Node.js 24✓ works✓ works
Node.js 26✓ works✓ works
Bun 1.4✓ works✓ works

How to import protractor

ES modules (import)

import protractor from "protractor";

Named imports from a CommonJS package only work when Node.js can statically detect them. If a named import fails, use the default import and destructure.

CommonJS (require)

const protractor = require("protractor");

Module format by version

Derived from the type, main and exports fields of every stable release on npm (95 versions; the newest 60 shown).

VersionsFormatFirst published
0.24.1 – 7.0.0CommonJSJun 9, 2014

Frequently asked

Is protractor ESM-only?

protractor@7.0.0 is a CommonJS package. protractor ships CommonJS only. require("protractor") works everywhere. import "protractor" also works because Node.js and Bun can import CommonJS from ES modules, but only the default export is guaranteed; named imports depend on Node's static analysis of the module.

Can I import protractor with ES module syntax?

Yes. import protractor from "protractor" works in Node.js and Bun because they support importing CommonJS modules. Named imports work only when Node.js can statically detect the exports.

Does protractor work in Bun?

Yes. import "protractor" loaded successfully in Bun 1.4 on Sep 9, 2026.

Does protractor ship TypeScript types?

Yes. protractor bundles its own type declarations; no @types package is needed.

Links

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