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Is mongoose ESM-only? Can you require() it?

Mongoose MongoDB ODM

Last verified Sep 9, 2026 against mongoose@9.9.5. Markdown · JSON

CommonJS CommonJS — require() works on every Node.js version we test

mongoose ships CommonJS only. require("mongoose") works on every Node.js version we test (18, 20, 22, 24 and 26) and in Bun. The package declares Node.js >=20.19.0. import "mongoose" also works because Node.js and Bun can import CommonJS from ES modules, but only the default export is guaranteed; named imports depend on Node's static analysis of the module.

What to do

  1. require("mongoose") works on every Node.js version we test (18, 20, 22, 24 and 26) and in Bun. The package declares Node.js >=20.19.0.
  2. From ES modules use the default import: import mongoose from "mongoose"; then destructure. Named imports only work when Node.js can statically detect the exports.
  3. TypeScript: types are bundled; install nothing extra.
Latest
9.9.5 (Sep 4, 2026)
Module format
CommonJS
Last CommonJS version
9.9.5
TypeScript types
Bundled
Node engines
>=20.19.0
Weekly downloads
6.1M
License
MIT

Does mongoose@9.9.5 actually load? Runtime test results

Installed and executed on Sep 9, 2026 with require("mongoose") from a CommonJS file and import "mongoose" from an ES module.

Runtimerequire("mongoose")import "mongoose"
Node.js 18✓ works✓ works
Node.js 20✓ works✓ works
Node.js 22✓ works✓ works
Node.js 24✓ works✓ works
Node.js 26✓ works✓ works
Bun 1.4.0✓ works✓ works

How to import mongoose

ES modules (import)

import mongoose from "mongoose";

Named imports from a CommonJS package only work when Node.js can statically detect them. If a named import fails, use the default import and destructure.

CommonJS (require)

const mongoose = require("mongoose");

Module format by version

Derived from the type, main and exports fields of every stable release on npm, corrected where a runtime test of that version contradicted them (994 versions; the newest 60 shown).

VersionsFormatFirst published
8.19.0 – 9.9.5CommonJSOct 2, 2025

Frequently asked

Is mongoose ESM-only?

mongoose@9.9.5 is a CommonJS package. mongoose ships CommonJS only. require("mongoose") works on every Node.js version we test (18, 20, 22, 24 and 26) and in Bun. The package declares Node.js >=20.19.0. import "mongoose" also works because Node.js and Bun can import CommonJS from ES modules, but only the default export is guaranteed; named imports depend on Node's static analysis of the module.

Can I import mongoose with ES module syntax?

Yes. import mongoose from "mongoose" works in Node.js and Bun because they support importing CommonJS modules. Named imports work only when Node.js can statically detect the exports.

Does mongoose work in Bun?

Yes. import "mongoose" loaded successfully in Bun 1.4.0 on Sep 9, 2026.

Does mongoose ship TypeScript types?

Yes. mongoose bundles its own type declarations; no @types package is needed.

Links

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