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Is dom-serializer ESM-only? Can you require() it?

render domhandler DOM nodes to a string

Last verified Sep 9, 2026 against dom-serializer@3.1.1. JSON

ESM-only ESM-only since 3.0.0 — last CommonJS version is 2.0.0

dom-serializer dropped its CommonJS build in 3.0.0 (March 2026). The last version you can require() on every Node.js version, including 18 and older, is 2.0.0, published Apr 9, 2022.

On Node.js 20.19+, 22.12+ and every newer release, require("dom-serializer") works anyway: Node can load synchronous ES modules through require(). Verified on Node 20, 22, 24, 26. Node.js 18 and older still fail with ERR_REQUIRE_ESM.

dom-serializer@3.1.1 declares engines ">=20.19.0", so Node.js 18 is outside its supported range regardless of module format.

Latest
3.1.1 (May 2, 2026)
Module format
ESM-only
Last CommonJS version
2.0.0
ESM-only since
3.0.0 (Mar 17, 2026)
TypeScript types
Bundled
Node engines
>=20.19.0
Weekly downloads
94.3M
License
MIT

Does dom-serializer@3.1.1 actually load? Runtime test results

Installed and executed on Sep 9, 2026 with require("dom-serializer") from a CommonJS file and import "dom-serializer" from an ES module.

Runtimerequire("dom-serializer")import "dom-serializer"
Node.js 18✗ failsERR_REQUIRE_ESM✓ works
Node.js 20✓ works✓ works
Node.js 22✓ works✓ works
Node.js 24✓ works✓ works
Node.js 26✓ works✓ works
Bun 1.4✓ works✓ works

How to import dom-serializer

ES modules (import)

import domSerializer from "dom-serializer";

CommonJS (require)

// Node.js 20.19+ / 22.12+ / newer (package has no top-level await):
const domSerializer = require("dom-serializer");

// Any Node.js version:
const domSerializer = await import("dom-serializer");

// Or pin the last CommonJS release:
// npm install dom-serializer@2.0.0

Module format by version

Derived from the type, main and exports fields of every stable release on npm (20 versions; the newest 20 shown).

VersionsFormatFirst published
3.0.0 – 3.1.1ESM-onlyMar 17, 2026
2.0.0Dual (CommonJS + ESM)Apr 9, 2022
1.4.1CommonJSApr 9, 2022
1.4.0Dual (CommonJS + ESM)Apr 9, 2022
0.0.0 – 1.3.2CommonJSMay 20, 2014

Frequently asked

Is dom-serializer ESM-only?

dom-serializer@3.1.1 is ESM-only. dom-serializer dropped its CommonJS build in 3.0.0 (March 2026). The last version you can require() on every Node.js version, including 18 and older, is 2.0.0, published Apr 9, 2022.

Which version of dom-serializer still supports CommonJS / require()?

2.0.0 is the last version of dom-serializer with a CommonJS build. Install it with "npm install dom-serializer@2.0.0". Every version from 3.0.0 on is ESM-only.

How do I use dom-serializer from a CommonJS file?

Use a dynamic import: const mod = await import("dom-serializer"). On Node.js 20.19+, 22.12+ and newer, a plain require("dom-serializer") also works for ESM packages that do not use top-level await. Alternatively pin dom-serializer@2.0.0.

Does dom-serializer work in Bun?

Yes. import "dom-serializer" loaded successfully in Bun 1.4 on Sep 9, 2026.

Does dom-serializer ship TypeScript types?

Yes. dom-serializer bundles its own type declarations; no @types package is needed.

Links

Other esm-only packages

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