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Is dom-serializer ESM-only? Can you require() it?

render domhandler DOM nodes to a string

Last verified Sep 9, 2026 against dom-serializer@3.1.1. Markdown · JSON

ESM-only ESM-only since 3.0.0 — last CommonJS version is 2.0.0

dom-serializer dropped its CommonJS build in 3.0.0 (March 2026). The last version with a plain require()-able CommonJS entry is 2.0.0, published Apr 9, 2022.

On Node.js 20.19+, 22.12+ and newer, require("dom-serializer") works with the latest version: Node.js loads synchronous ES modules through require(). Verified on Node.js 20, 22, 24 and 26. Node.js 18 has no require(esm), and dom-serializer@3.1.1 declares Node.js >=20.19.0, so 18 is outside its supported range anyway.

dom-serializer@3.1.1 declares engines ">=20.19.0", so Node.js 18 is outside its supported range regardless of module format.

What to do

  1. On Node.js 20.19+, 22.12+ and newer, require("dom-serializer") works with the latest version: Node.js loads synchronous ES modules through require(). Verified on Node.js 20, 22, 24 and 26.
  2. From a CommonJS file, use a dynamic import inside an async function: const domSerializer = await import("dom-serializer"). That works on every Node.js version the package supports (>=20.19.0).
  3. If you need a synchronous require() or run Node.js 18: npm install dom-serializer@2.0.0, the last CommonJS release (published Apr 9, 2022).
  4. dom-serializer@3.1.1 declares engines ">=20.19.0", so Node.js 18 is unsupported regardless: upgrade Node.js or pin an older release.
  5. TypeScript: types are bundled; install nothing extra.
Latest
3.1.1 (May 2, 2026)
Module format
ESM-only
Last CommonJS version
2.0.0
ESM-only since
3.0.0 (Mar 17, 2026)
TypeScript types
Bundled
Node engines
>=20.19.0
Weekly downloads
94.3M
License
MIT

Does dom-serializer@3.1.1 actually load? Runtime test results

Installed and executed on Sep 9, 2026 with require("dom-serializer") from a CommonJS file and import "dom-serializer" from an ES module.

Runtimerequire("dom-serializer")import "dom-serializer"
Node.js 18✗ failsERR_REQUIRE_ESM✓ works
Node.js 20✓ works✓ works
Node.js 22✓ works✓ works
Node.js 24✓ works✓ works
Node.js 26✓ works✓ works
Bun 1.4.0✓ works✓ works

How to import dom-serializer

ES modules (import)

import * as domSerializer from "dom-serializer";

Namespace import shown because the ESM entry may have no default export; use named imports for what it exports.

CommonJS (require)

// Node.js 20.19+, 22.12+ and newer (verified):
const domSerializer = require("dom-serializer");

// Any Node.js version the package supports (>=20.19.0), from an async function:
async function main() {
  const domSerializer = await import("dom-serializer");
}

// Or pin the last CommonJS release:
// npm install dom-serializer@2.0.0

Module format by version

Derived from the type, main and exports fields of every stable release on npm, corrected where a runtime test of that version contradicted them (20 versions; the newest 20 shown).

VersionsFormatFirst published
3.0.0 – 3.1.1ESM-onlyMar 17, 2026
2.0.0Dual (CommonJS + ESM)Apr 9, 2022
1.4.1CommonJSApr 9, 2022
1.4.0Dual (CommonJS + ESM)Apr 9, 2022
0.0.0 – 1.3.2CommonJSMay 20, 2014

Frequently asked

Is dom-serializer ESM-only?

dom-serializer@3.1.1 is ESM-only. dom-serializer dropped its CommonJS build in 3.0.0 (March 2026). The last version with a plain require()-able CommonJS entry is 2.0.0, published Apr 9, 2022.

Which version of dom-serializer still supports CommonJS / require()?

2.0.0 is the last version of dom-serializer with a CommonJS build. Install it with "npm install dom-serializer@2.0.0". Every version from 3.0.0 on is ESM-only.

How do I use dom-serializer from a CommonJS file?

From a CommonJS file, use a dynamic import inside an async function: const domSerializer = await import("dom-serializer"). That works on every Node.js version the package supports (>=20.19.0). On Node.js 20.19+, 22.12+ and newer, require("dom-serializer") works with the latest version: Node.js loads synchronous ES modules through require(). Verified on Node.js 20, 22, 24 and 26. Alternatively pin dom-serializer@2.0.0.

Does dom-serializer work in Bun?

Yes. import "dom-serializer" loaded successfully in Bun 1.4.0 on Sep 9, 2026.

Does dom-serializer ship TypeScript types?

Yes. dom-serializer bundles its own type declarations; no @types package is needed.

Links

Other esm-only packages

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