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Is doctrine ESM-only? Can you require() it?
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Last verified Sep 9, 2026 against doctrine@3.0.0. JSON
CommonJS CommonJS — require() works on every Node.js version
doctrine ships CommonJS only. require("doctrine") works everywhere. import "doctrine" also works because Node.js and Bun can import CommonJS from ES modules, but only the default export is guaranteed; named imports depend on Node's static analysis of the module.
Does doctrine@3.0.0 actually load? Runtime test results
Installed and executed on Sep 9, 2026 with require("doctrine") from a CommonJS file and import "doctrine" from an ES module.
| Runtime | require("doctrine") | import "doctrine" |
|---|---|---|
| Node.js 18 | ✓ works | ✓ works |
| Node.js 20 | ✓ works | ✓ works |
| Node.js 22 | ✓ works | ✓ works |
| Node.js 24 | ✓ works | ✓ works |
| Node.js 26 | ✓ works | ✓ works |
| Bun 1.4 | ✓ works | ✓ works |
How to import doctrine
ES modules (import)
import doctrine from "doctrine";Named imports from a CommonJS package only work when Node.js can statically detect them. If a named import fails, use the default import and destructure.
CommonJS (require)
const doctrine = require("doctrine");Module format by version
Derived from the type, main and exports fields of every stable release on npm (33 versions; the newest 33 shown).
| Versions | Format | First published |
|---|---|---|
| 0.0.1 – 3.0.0 | CommonJS | May 10, 2012 |
Frequently asked
Is doctrine ESM-only?
doctrine@3.0.0 is a CommonJS package. doctrine ships CommonJS only. require("doctrine") works everywhere. import "doctrine" also works because Node.js and Bun can import CommonJS from ES modules, but only the default export is guaranteed; named imports depend on Node's static analysis of the module.
Can I import doctrine with ES module syntax?
Yes. import doctrine from "doctrine" works in Node.js and Bun because they support importing CommonJS modules. Named imports work only when Node.js can statically detect the exports.
Does doctrine work in Bun?
Yes. import "doctrine" loaded successfully in Bun 1.4 on Sep 9, 2026.
Does doctrine ship TypeScript types?
Not bundled. Install the community types with "npm install -D @types/doctrine".
Links
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