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Is cssesc ESM-only? Can you require() it?

A JavaScript library for escaping CSS strings and identifiers while generating the shortest possible ASCII-only output.

Last verified Sep 9, 2026 against cssesc@3.0.0. Markdown · JSON

CommonJS CommonJS — require() works on every Node.js version we test

cssesc ships CommonJS only. require("cssesc") works on every Node.js version we test (18, 20, 22, 24 and 26) and in Bun. The package declares Node.js >=4. import "cssesc" also works because Node.js and Bun can import CommonJS from ES modules, but only the default export is guaranteed; named imports depend on Node's static analysis of the module.

What to do

  1. require("cssesc") works on every Node.js version we test (18, 20, 22, 24 and 26) and in Bun. The package declares Node.js >=4.
  2. From ES modules use the default import: import cssesc from "cssesc"; then destructure. Named imports only work when Node.js can statically detect the exports.
  3. TypeScript: npm install -D @types/cssesc
Latest
3.0.0 (Feb 4, 2019)
Module format
CommonJS
Last CommonJS version
3.0.0
TypeScript types
@types/cssesc
Node engines
>=4
Weekly downloads
75.5M
License
MIT

Does cssesc@3.0.0 actually load? Runtime test results

Installed and executed on Sep 9, 2026 with require("cssesc") from a CommonJS file and import "cssesc" from an ES module.

Runtimerequire("cssesc")import "cssesc"
Node.js 18✓ works✓ works
Node.js 20✓ works✓ works
Node.js 22✓ works✓ works
Node.js 24✓ works✓ works
Node.js 26✓ works✓ works
Bun 1.4.0✓ works✓ works

How to import cssesc

ES modules (import)

import cssesc from "cssesc";

Named imports from a CommonJS package only work when Node.js can statically detect them. If a named import fails, use the default import and destructure.

CommonJS (require)

const cssesc = require("cssesc");

Module format by version

Derived from the type, main and exports fields of every stable release on npm, corrected where a runtime test of that version contradicted them (5 versions; the newest 5 shown).

VersionsFormatFirst published
0.1.0 – 3.0.0CommonJSAug 9, 2013

Frequently asked

Is cssesc ESM-only?

cssesc@3.0.0 is a CommonJS package. cssesc ships CommonJS only. require("cssesc") works on every Node.js version we test (18, 20, 22, 24 and 26) and in Bun. The package declares Node.js >=4. import "cssesc" also works because Node.js and Bun can import CommonJS from ES modules, but only the default export is guaranteed; named imports depend on Node's static analysis of the module.

Can I import cssesc with ES module syntax?

Yes. import cssesc from "cssesc" works in Node.js and Bun because they support importing CommonJS modules. Named imports work only when Node.js can statically detect the exports.

Does cssesc work in Bun?

Yes. import "cssesc" loaded successfully in Bun 1.4.0 on Sep 9, 2026.

Does cssesc ship TypeScript types?

Not bundled. Install the community types with "npm install -D @types/cssesc".

Links

Other commonjs packages

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