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Is angular ESM-only? Can you require() it?

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Last verified Sep 9, 2026 against angular@1.8.3. JSON

CommonJS CommonJS — require() works on every Node.js version

angular ships CommonJS only. require("angular") works everywhere. import "angular" also works because Node.js and Bun can import CommonJS from ES modules, but only the default export is guaranteed; named imports depend on Node's static analysis of the module.

Latest
1.8.3 (Apr 7, 2022)
Module format
CommonJS
Last CommonJS version
1.8.3
TypeScript types
@types/angular
Node engines
not declared
Weekly downloads
522K
License
MIT

Deprecated: For the actively supported Angular, see https://www.npmjs.com/package/@angular/core. AngularJS support has officially ended. For extended AngularJS support options, see https://goo.gle/angularjs-path-forward.

Does angular@1.8.3 actually load? Runtime test results

Installed and executed on Sep 9, 2026 with require("angular") from a CommonJS file and import "angular" from an ES module.

Runtimerequire("angular")import "angular"
Node.js 18✗ failsReferenceError✗ failsReferenceError
Node.js 20✗ failsReferenceError✗ failsReferenceError
Node.js 22✗ failsReferenceError✗ failsReferenceError
Node.js 24✗ failsReferenceError✗ failsReferenceError
Node.js 26✗ failsReferenceError✗ failsReferenceError
Bun 1.4✗ failsReferenceError✗ failsReferenceError

A failing require() on a CommonJS package usually means the package needs a browser/DOM global, a peer dependency, or a native binary that is not available in a bare Node.js process.

How to import angular

ES modules (import)

import angular from "angular";

Named imports from a CommonJS package only work when Node.js can statically detect them. If a named import fails, use the default import and destructure.

CommonJS (require)

const angular = require("angular");

Module format by version

Derived from the type, main and exports fields of every stable release on npm (121 versions; the newest 60 shown).

VersionsFormatFirst published
1.3.12 – 1.8.3CommonJSFeb 3, 2015

Frequently asked

Is angular ESM-only?

angular@1.8.3 is a CommonJS package. angular ships CommonJS only. require("angular") works everywhere. import "angular" also works because Node.js and Bun can import CommonJS from ES modules, but only the default export is guaranteed; named imports depend on Node's static analysis of the module.

Can I import angular with ES module syntax?

Yes. import angular from "angular" works in Node.js and Bun because they support importing CommonJS modules. Named imports work only when Node.js can statically detect the exports.

Does angular work in Bun?

Importing angular failed in Bun 1.4 on Sep 9, 2026: ReferenceError: window is not defined

Does angular ship TypeScript types?

Not bundled. Install the community types with "npm install -D @types/angular".

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