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Is @smithy/middleware-stack ESM-only? Can you require() it?

Provides a means for composing multiple middleware functions into a single handler

Last verified Sep 9, 2026 against @smithy/middleware-stack@4.5.2. JSON

CommonJS CommonJS — require() works on every Node.js version

@smithy/middleware-stack ships CommonJS only. require("@smithy/middleware-stack") works everywhere. import "@smithy/middleware-stack" also works because Node.js and Bun can import CommonJS from ES modules, but only the default export is guaranteed; named imports depend on Node's static analysis of the module.

It also declares a "module" field, so bundlers such as webpack, Vite and esbuild pick up an ESM build for tree-shaking.

Latest
4.5.2 (Aug 15, 2026)
Module format
CommonJS
Last CommonJS version
4.5.2
TypeScript types
Bundled
Node engines
>=18.0.0
License
Apache-2.0

Does @smithy/middleware-stack@4.5.2 actually load? Runtime test results

Installed and executed on Sep 9, 2026 with require("@smithy/middleware-stack") from a CommonJS file and import "@smithy/middleware-stack" from an ES module.

Runtimerequire("@smithy/middleware-stack")import "@smithy/middleware-stack"
Node.js 18✓ works✓ works
Node.js 20✓ works✓ works
Node.js 22✓ works✓ works
Node.js 24✓ works✓ works
Node.js 26✓ works✓ works
Bun 1.4✓ works✓ works

How to import @smithy/middleware-stack

ES modules (import)

import middlewareStack from "@smithy/middleware-stack";

Named imports from a CommonJS package only work when Node.js can statically detect them. If a named import fails, use the default import and destructure.

CommonJS (require)

const middlewareStack = require("@smithy/middleware-stack");

Module format by version

Derived from the type, main and exports fields of every stable release on npm (84 versions; the newest 60 shown).

VersionsFormatFirst published
3.0.3 – 4.5.2CommonJSJun 27, 2024

Frequently asked

Is @smithy/middleware-stack ESM-only?

@smithy/middleware-stack@4.5.2 is a CommonJS package. @smithy/middleware-stack ships CommonJS only. require("@smithy/middleware-stack") works everywhere. import "@smithy/middleware-stack" also works because Node.js and Bun can import CommonJS from ES modules, but only the default export is guaranteed; named imports depend on Node's static analysis of the module.

Can I import @smithy/middleware-stack with ES module syntax?

Yes. import middlewareStack from "@smithy/middleware-stack" works in Node.js and Bun because they support importing CommonJS modules. Named imports work only when Node.js can statically detect the exports.

Does @smithy/middleware-stack work in Bun?

Yes. import "@smithy/middleware-stack" loaded successfully in Bun 1.4 on Sep 9, 2026.

Does @smithy/middleware-stack ship TypeScript types?

Yes. @smithy/middleware-stack bundles its own type declarations; no @types package is needed.

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