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Is d3-scale ESM-only? Can you require() it?

Encodings that map abstract data to visual representation.

Last verified Sep 9, 2026 against d3-scale@4.0.2. Markdown · JSON

ESM-only ESM-only since 4.0.0 — last CommonJS version is 3.3.0

d3-scale dropped its CommonJS build in 4.0.0 (June 2021). The last version with a plain require()-able CommonJS entry is 3.3.0, published Apr 16, 2021.

On Node.js 20.19+, 22.12+ and newer, require("d3-scale") works with the latest version: Node.js loads synchronous ES modules through require(). Verified on Node.js 20, 22, 24 and 26. On Node.js 18, which has no require(esm), require("d3-scale") fails with ERR_REQUIRE_ESM.

What to do

  1. On Node.js 20.19+, 22.12+ and newer, require("d3-scale") works with the latest version: Node.js loads synchronous ES modules through require(). Verified on Node.js 20, 22, 24 and 26.
  2. From a CommonJS file, use a dynamic import inside an async function: const d3Scale = await import("d3-scale"). That works on every Node.js version the package supports (>=12).
  3. If you need a synchronous require() or run Node.js 18: npm install d3-scale@3.3.0, the last CommonJS release (published Apr 16, 2021).
  4. TypeScript: npm install -D @types/d3-scale
Latest
4.0.2 (Sep 24, 2021)
Module format
ESM-only
Last CommonJS version
3.3.0
ESM-only since
4.0.0 (Jun 5, 2021)
TypeScript types
@types/d3-scale
Node engines
>=12
Weekly downloads
64.5M
License
ISC

Does d3-scale@4.0.2 actually load? Runtime test results

Installed and executed on Sep 9, 2026 with require("d3-scale") from a CommonJS file and import "d3-scale" from an ES module.

Runtimerequire("d3-scale")import "d3-scale"
Node.js 18✗ failsERR_REQUIRE_ESM✓ works
Node.js 20✓ works✓ works
Node.js 22✓ works✓ works
Node.js 24✓ works✓ works
Node.js 26✓ works✓ works
Bun 1.4.0✓ works✓ works

How to import d3-scale

ES modules (import)

import * as d3Scale from "d3-scale";

Namespace import shown because the ESM entry may have no default export; use named imports for what it exports.

CommonJS (require)

// Node.js 20.19+, 22.12+ and newer (verified):
const d3Scale = require("d3-scale");

// Any Node.js version the package supports (>=12), from an async function:
async function main() {
  const d3Scale = await import("d3-scale");
}

// Or pin the last CommonJS release:
// npm install d3-scale@3.3.0

Module format by version

Derived from the type, main and exports fields of every stable release on npm, corrected where a runtime test of that version contradicted them (57 versions; the newest 57 shown).

VersionsFormatFirst published
4.0.0 – 4.0.2ESM-onlyJun 5, 2021
0.0.0 – 3.3.0CommonJSMar 29, 2014

Frequently asked

Is d3-scale ESM-only?

d3-scale@4.0.2 is ESM-only. d3-scale dropped its CommonJS build in 4.0.0 (June 2021). The last version with a plain require()-able CommonJS entry is 3.3.0, published Apr 16, 2021.

Which version of d3-scale still supports CommonJS / require()?

3.3.0 is the last version of d3-scale with a CommonJS build. Install it with "npm install d3-scale@3.3.0". Every version from 4.0.0 on is ESM-only.

How do I use d3-scale from a CommonJS file?

From a CommonJS file, use a dynamic import inside an async function: const d3Scale = await import("d3-scale"). That works on every Node.js version the package supports (>=12). On Node.js 20.19+, 22.12+ and newer, require("d3-scale") works with the latest version: Node.js loads synchronous ES modules through require(). Verified on Node.js 20, 22, 24 and 26. Alternatively pin d3-scale@3.3.0.

Does d3-scale work in Bun?

Yes. import "d3-scale" loaded successfully in Bun 1.4.0 on Sep 9, 2026.

Does d3-scale ship TypeScript types?

Not bundled. Install the community types with "npm install -D @types/d3-scale".

Links

Other esm-only packages

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