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Is cssnano ESM-only? Can you require() it?

A modular CSS minifier, built on top of the PostCSS ecosystem.

Last verified Sep 9, 2026 against cssnano@9.0.4. JSON

ESM-only ESM-only since 9.0.0 — last CommonJS version is 8.0.10

cssnano dropped its CommonJS build in 9.0.0 (August 2026). The last version you can require() on every Node.js version, including 18 and older, is 8.0.10, published Aug 26, 2026.

On Node.js 20.19+, 22.12+ and every newer release, require("cssnano") works anyway: Node can load synchronous ES modules through require(). Verified on Node 22, 24, 26. Node.js 18 and older still fail with ERR_REQUIRE_ESM.

cssnano@9.0.4 declares engines "^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0", so Node.js 18, 20 are outside its supported range regardless of module format.

Latest
9.0.4 (Sep 8, 2026)
Module format
ESM-only
Last CommonJS version
8.0.10
ESM-only since
9.0.0 (Aug 27, 2026)
TypeScript types
Bundled
Node engines
^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0
Weekly downloads
16.4M
License
MIT

Does cssnano@9.0.4 actually load? Runtime test results

Installed and executed on Sep 9, 2026 with require("cssnano") from a CommonJS file and import "cssnano" from an ES module.

Runtimerequire("cssnano")import "cssnano"
Node.js 18✗ failsERR_REQUIRE_ESM✗ failsTypeError
Node.js 20✗ failsTypeError✗ failsTypeError
Node.js 22✓ works✓ works
Node.js 24✓ works✓ works
Node.js 26✓ works✓ works
Bun 1.4✓ works✓ works

How to import cssnano

ES modules (import)

import cssnano from "cssnano";

CommonJS (require)

// Node.js 20.19+ / 22.12+ / newer (package has no top-level await):
const cssnano = require("cssnano");

// Any Node.js version:
const cssnano = await import("cssnano");

// Or pin the last CommonJS release:
// npm install cssnano@8.0.10

Module format by version

Derived from the type, main and exports fields of every stable release on npm (151 versions; the newest 60 shown).

VersionsFormatFirst published
9.0.0 – 9.0.4ESM-onlyAug 27, 2026
5.0.17 – 8.0.10CommonJSFeb 7, 2022

Frequently asked

Is cssnano ESM-only?

cssnano@9.0.4 is ESM-only. cssnano dropped its CommonJS build in 9.0.0 (August 2026). The last version you can require() on every Node.js version, including 18 and older, is 8.0.10, published Aug 26, 2026.

Which version of cssnano still supports CommonJS / require()?

8.0.10 is the last version of cssnano with a CommonJS build. Install it with "npm install cssnano@8.0.10". Every version from 9.0.0 on is ESM-only.

How do I use cssnano from a CommonJS file?

Use a dynamic import: const mod = await import("cssnano"). On Node.js 20.19+, 22.12+ and newer, a plain require("cssnano") also works for ESM packages that do not use top-level await. Alternatively pin cssnano@8.0.10.

Does cssnano work in Bun?

Yes. import "cssnano" loaded successfully in Bun 1.4 on Sep 9, 2026.

Does cssnano ship TypeScript types?

Yes. cssnano bundles its own type declarations; no @types package is needed.

Links

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