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Is cssnano ESM-only? Can you require() it?

A modular CSS minifier, built on top of the PostCSS ecosystem.

Last verified Sep 9, 2026 against cssnano@9.0.4. Markdown · JSON

ESM-only ESM-only since 9.0.0 — last CommonJS version is 8.0.10

cssnano dropped its CommonJS build in 9.0.0 (August 2026). The last version with a plain require()-able CommonJS entry is 8.0.10, published Aug 26, 2026; it declares support for Node.js ^22.11.0 || ^24.11.0 || >=26.0.

On Node.js 22.12+ and newer (cssnano@9.0.4 declares Node.js ^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0), require("cssnano") works with the latest version: Node.js loads synchronous ES modules through require(). Verified on Node.js 22, 24 and 26. Node.js 18 has no require(esm), and cssnano@9.0.4 declares Node.js ^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0, so 18 is outside its supported range anyway.

cssnano@9.0.4 declares engines "^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0", so Node.js 18, 20 are outside its supported range regardless of module format.

What to do

  1. On Node.js 22.12+ and newer (cssnano@9.0.4 declares Node.js ^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0), require("cssnano") works with the latest version: Node.js loads synchronous ES modules through require(). Verified on Node.js 22, 24 and 26.
  2. From a CommonJS file, use a dynamic import inside an async function: const cssnano = await import("cssnano"). That works on every Node.js version the package supports (^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0).
  3. If you need a synchronous require(): npm install cssnano@8.0.10, the last CommonJS release (published Aug 26, 2026); it declares Node.js ^22.11.0 || ^24.11.0 || >=26.0.
  4. cssnano@9.0.4 declares engines "^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0", so Node.js 18, 20 are unsupported regardless: upgrade Node.js or pin an older release.
  5. TypeScript: types are bundled; install nothing extra.
Latest
9.0.4 (Sep 8, 2026)
Module format
ESM-only
Last CommonJS version
8.0.10
ESM-only since
9.0.0 (Aug 27, 2026)
TypeScript types
Bundled
Node engines
^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0
Weekly downloads
16.4M
License
MIT

Does cssnano@9.0.4 actually load? Runtime test results

Installed and executed on Sep 9, 2026 with require("cssnano") from a CommonJS file and import "cssnano" from an ES module.

Runtimerequire("cssnano")import "cssnano"
Node.js 18✗ failsERR_REQUIRE_ESM✗ failsTypeError
Node.js 20✗ failsTypeError✗ failsTypeError
Node.js 22✓ works✓ works
Node.js 24✓ works✓ works
Node.js 26✓ works✓ works
Bun 1.4.0✓ works✓ works

How to import cssnano

ES modules (import)

import * as cssnano from "cssnano";

Namespace import shown because the ESM entry may have no default export; use named imports for what it exports.

CommonJS (require)

// Node.js 22.12+ and newer (verified):
const cssnano = require("cssnano");

// Any Node.js version the package supports (^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0), from an async function:
async function main() {
  const cssnano = await import("cssnano");
}

// Or pin the last CommonJS release (declares Node.js ^22.11.0 || ^24.11.0 || >=26.0):
// npm install cssnano@8.0.10

Module format by version

Derived from the type, main and exports fields of every stable release on npm, corrected where a runtime test of that version contradicted them (151 versions; the newest 60 shown).

VersionsFormatFirst published
9.0.0 – 9.0.4ESM-onlyAug 27, 2026
5.0.17 – 8.0.10CommonJSFeb 7, 2022

Frequently asked

Is cssnano ESM-only?

cssnano@9.0.4 is ESM-only. cssnano dropped its CommonJS build in 9.0.0 (August 2026). The last version with a plain require()-able CommonJS entry is 8.0.10, published Aug 26, 2026; it declares support for Node.js ^22.11.0 || ^24.11.0 || >=26.0.

Which version of cssnano still supports CommonJS / require()?

8.0.10 is the last version of cssnano with a CommonJS build; it declares Node.js ^22.11.0 || ^24.11.0 || >=26.0. Install it with "npm install cssnano@8.0.10". Every version from 9.0.0 on is ESM-only.

How do I use cssnano from a CommonJS file?

From a CommonJS file, use a dynamic import inside an async function: const cssnano = await import("cssnano"). That works on every Node.js version the package supports (^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0). On Node.js 22.12+ and newer (cssnano@9.0.4 declares Node.js ^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0), require("cssnano") works with the latest version: Node.js loads synchronous ES modules through require(). Verified on Node.js 22, 24 and 26. Alternatively pin cssnano@8.0.10 (declares Node.js ^22.11.0 || ^24.11.0 || >=26.0).

Does cssnano work in Bun?

Yes. import "cssnano" loaded successfully in Bun 1.4.0 on Sep 9, 2026.

Does cssnano ship TypeScript types?

Yes. cssnano bundles its own type declarations; no @types package is needed.

Links

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