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Is @semantic-release/npm ESM-only? Can you require() it?

semantic-release plugin to publish a npm package

Last verified Sep 9, 2026 against @semantic-release/npm@13.1.5. JSON

ESM-only ESM-only since 10.0.0 — last CommonJS version is 9.0.2

@semantic-release/npm dropped its CommonJS build in 10.0.0 (March 2023). The last version you can require() on every Node.js version, including 18 and older, is 9.0.2, published Jan 13, 2023.

require("@semantic-release/npm") fails even on Node.js 20.19+ / 22.12+ because the package uses top-level await, which require(esm) cannot load. Use import() instead.

@semantic-release/npm@13.1.5 declares engines "^22.14.0 || >= 24.10.0", so Node.js 18, 20 are outside its supported range regardless of module format.

Latest
13.1.5 (Mar 1, 2026)
Module format
ESM-only
Last CommonJS version
9.0.2
ESM-only since
10.0.0 (Mar 22, 2023)
TypeScript types
None
Node engines
^22.14.0 || >= 24.10.0
License
MIT

Does @semantic-release/npm@13.1.5 actually load? Runtime test results

Installed and executed on Sep 9, 2026 with require("@semantic-release/npm") from a CommonJS file and import "@semantic-release/npm" from an ES module.

Runtimerequire("@semantic-release/npm")import "@semantic-release/npm"
Node.js 18✗ failsERR_REQUIRE_ESM✓ works
Node.js 20✗ failsERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE✓ works
Node.js 22✗ failsERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE✓ works
Node.js 24✗ failsERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE✓ works
Node.js 26✗ failsERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE✓ works
Bun 1.4✗ failsTypeError✓ works

How to import @semantic-release/npm

ES modules (import)

import npm from "@semantic-release/npm";

CommonJS (require)

// Node.js 20.19+ / 22.12+ / newer (package has no top-level await):
const npm = require("@semantic-release/npm");

// Any Node.js version:
const npm = await import("@semantic-release/npm");

// Or pin the last CommonJS release:
// npm install @semantic-release/npm@9.0.2

Module format by version

Derived from the type, main and exports fields of every stable release on npm (111 versions; the newest 60 shown).

VersionsFormatFirst published
10.0.0 – 13.1.5ESM-onlyMar 22, 2023
5.1.7 – 9.0.2CommonJSApr 14, 2019

Frequently asked

Is @semantic-release/npm ESM-only?

@semantic-release/npm@13.1.5 is ESM-only. @semantic-release/npm dropped its CommonJS build in 10.0.0 (March 2023). The last version you can require() on every Node.js version, including 18 and older, is 9.0.2, published Jan 13, 2023.

Which version of @semantic-release/npm still supports CommonJS / require()?

9.0.2 is the last version of @semantic-release/npm with a CommonJS build. Install it with "npm install @semantic-release/npm@9.0.2". Every version from 10.0.0 on is ESM-only.

How do I use @semantic-release/npm from a CommonJS file?

Use a dynamic import: const mod = await import("@semantic-release/npm"). On Node.js 20.19+, 22.12+ and newer, a plain require("@semantic-release/npm") also works for ESM packages that do not use top-level await. Alternatively pin @semantic-release/npm@9.0.2.

Does @semantic-release/npm work in Bun?

Yes. import "@semantic-release/npm" loaded successfully in Bun 1.4 on Sep 9, 2026.

Does @semantic-release/npm ship TypeScript types?

No. @semantic-release/npm ships no type declarations and there is no @types package for it.

Links

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