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Is @angular/core ESM-only? Can you require() it?

Angular - the core framework

Last verified Sep 9, 2026 against @angular/core@22.1.5. Markdown · JSON

ESM-only ESM-only since 13.0.0 — last CommonJS version is 12.2.17

@angular/core dropped its CommonJS build in 13.0.0 (November 2021). The last version with a plain require()-able CommonJS entry is 12.2.17, published Nov 22, 2022; it declares support for Node.js ^12.14.1 || >=14.0.0.

On Node.js 22.12+ and newer (@angular/core@22.1.5 declares Node.js ^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0), require("@angular/core") works with the latest version: Node.js loads synchronous ES modules through require(). Verified on Node.js 22, 24 and 26. Node.js 18 has no require(esm), and @angular/core@22.1.5 declares Node.js ^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0, so 18 is outside its supported range anyway.

@angular/core@22.1.5 declares engines "^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0", so Node.js 18, 20 are outside its supported range regardless of module format.

What to do

  1. On Node.js 22.12+ and newer (@angular/core@22.1.5 declares Node.js ^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0), require("@angular/core") works with the latest version: Node.js loads synchronous ES modules through require(). Verified on Node.js 22, 24 and 26.
  2. From a CommonJS file, use a dynamic import inside an async function: const core = await import("@angular/core"). That works on every Node.js version the package supports (^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0).
  3. If you need a synchronous require() or run Node.js 18: npm install @angular/core@12.2.17, the last CommonJS release (published Nov 22, 2022); it declares Node.js ^12.14.1 || >=14.0.0.
  4. @angular/core@22.1.5 declares engines "^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0", so Node.js 18, 20 are unsupported regardless: upgrade Node.js or pin an older release.
  5. TypeScript: types are bundled; install nothing extra.
Latest
22.1.5 (Sep 3, 2026)
Module format
ESM-only
Last CommonJS version
12.2.17
ESM-only since
13.0.0 (Nov 3, 2021)
TypeScript types
Bundled
Node engines
^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0
Weekly downloads
5.2M
License
MIT

Does @angular/core@22.1.5 actually load? Runtime test results

Installed and executed on Sep 9, 2026 with require("@angular/core") from a CommonJS file and import "@angular/core" from an ES module.

Runtimerequire("@angular/core")import "@angular/core"
Node.js 18✗ failsERR_REQUIRE_ESM✓ works
Node.js 20✓ works✓ works
Node.js 22✓ works✓ works
Node.js 24✓ works✓ works
Node.js 26✓ works✓ works
Bun 1.4.0✓ works✓ works

How to import @angular/core

ES modules (import)

import * as core from "@angular/core";

Namespace import shown because the ESM entry may have no default export; use named imports for what it exports.

CommonJS (require)

// Node.js 22.12+ and newer (verified):
const core = require("@angular/core");

// Any Node.js version the package supports (^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0), from an async function:
async function main() {
  const core = await import("@angular/core");
}

// Or pin the last CommonJS release (declares Node.js ^12.14.1 || >=14.0.0):
// npm install @angular/core@12.2.17

Module format by version

Derived from the type, main and exports fields of every stable release on npm, corrected where a runtime test of that version contradicted them (573 versions; the newest 60 shown).

VersionsFormatFirst published
20.3.26 – 22.1.5ESM-onlyJul 8, 2026

Frequently asked

Is @angular/core ESM-only?

@angular/core@22.1.5 is ESM-only. @angular/core dropped its CommonJS build in 13.0.0 (November 2021). The last version with a plain require()-able CommonJS entry is 12.2.17, published Nov 22, 2022; it declares support for Node.js ^12.14.1 || >=14.0.0.

Which version of @angular/core still supports CommonJS / require()?

12.2.17 is the last version of @angular/core with a CommonJS build; it declares Node.js ^12.14.1 || >=14.0.0. Install it with "npm install @angular/core@12.2.17". Every version from 13.0.0 on is ESM-only.

How do I use @angular/core from a CommonJS file?

From a CommonJS file, use a dynamic import inside an async function: const core = await import("@angular/core"). That works on every Node.js version the package supports (^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0). On Node.js 22.12+ and newer (@angular/core@22.1.5 declares Node.js ^22.22.3 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0), require("@angular/core") works with the latest version: Node.js loads synchronous ES modules through require(). Verified on Node.js 22, 24 and 26. Alternatively pin @angular/core@12.2.17 (declares Node.js ^12.14.1 || >=14.0.0).

Does @angular/core work in Bun?

Yes. import "@angular/core" loaded successfully in Bun 1.4.0 on Sep 9, 2026.

Does @angular/core ship TypeScript types?

Yes. @angular/core bundles its own type declarations; no @types package is needed.

Links

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